 |
 ScubaPro X650 Diaphram Upgrade Maintenance Annual Service Repair Kit $9.99 Time Remaining: 29d 58m Buy It Now for only: $9.99 |
 ScubaPro Air 2 II 2nd Generation Gen Maintenance Annual Service Repair Kit $10.00 Time Remaining: 23d 20h 41m Buy It Now for only: $10.00 |
 Dive Rite RG1210 2nd Stage Maintenance Annual Service Scuba Repair Kit $12.00 Time Remaining: 23d 21h 23m Buy It Now for only: $12.00 |
 ScubaPro X650 Maintenance Annual Service Repair Kit Scuba Regulator $24.00 Time Remaining: 29d 56m Buy It Now for only: $24.00 |
 Aqua Lung XLC Glacia PN 9000 10 Maintenance Annual Service Repair Kit $12.00 Time Remaining: 23d 21h 10m Buy It Now for only: $12.00 |
 ScubaPro BPI Maintenance Annual Service Repair Kit Power Inflator BPI $9.99 Time Remaining: 23d 20h 43m Buy It Now for only: $9.99 |
 ScubaPro MK14 Maintenance Annual Service Repair Kit Scuba Regulator $24.00 Time Remaining: 23d 20h 46m Buy It Now for only: $24.00 |
 ScubaPro Maintenance Annual Service Repair Kit MK 11 Scuba Regulator $24.00 Time Remaining: 28d 23h 59m Buy It Now for only: $24.00 |
 Annual Service Kit for Dacor Pacer 960 1st Stage Scuba Diving Reg 1991 After $26.95 Time Remaining: 9h 15m Buy It Now for only: $26.95 |
 Annual Overhaul Service Kit for Dacor Quantum Enduro 2nd Stg Scuba Diving Reg $52.95 Time Remaining: 24d 4h 48m Buy It Now for only: $52.95 |
 Annual Overhaul Service Kit for Dacor Pacer XLE XLT 2nd Stg Scuba Diving Reg $26.95 Time Remaining: 24d 4h 49m Buy It Now for only: $26.95 |
 Annual Service Kit for Dacor Pacer 360 1st Stage Scuba Diving Reg 1991 After $26.95 Time Remaining: 9h 15m Buy It Now for only: $26.95 |
 Annual Service Kit for Dacor Pacer 960 1st Stage Scuba Diving Reg Pre 1991 $26.95 Time Remaining: 9h 15m Buy It Now for only: $26.95 |
 Annual Service Kit for Dacor Pacer 260 Formula 1st Stage Scuba Diving Reg $26.95 Time Remaining: 9h 15m Buy It Now for only: $26.95 |
 Annual Service Kit for Dacor Pacer 360 1st Stage Scuba Diving Reg Pre 1991 $26.95 Time Remaining: 9h 15m Buy It Now for only: $26.95 |
Regulator Annual
Tips And Information Regarding R-22 Refrigerant Regulations
The U.S. Clean Air Act is a regulation that spells out the EPA's role in air quality, especially in protecting the ozone layer and the tracking and reporting of Greenhouse Gases. The Act is maintained by the House of Representatives. The Clean Air Act has had changes made in the 1990s and again in 2008 that are more stringent than when it was first written over a decade ago. Refrigerant gases are those used in climate control in commercial and business facilities such as warehouses, stores and office buildings. The refrigerants used in commercial heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) or regular air conditioning (AC) units include hydrofluorocarbons (HCFCs), chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs) and perfluorocarbon (PFCs). HCFCs are used instead of CFCs which are known to destroy the ozone layer of the upper atmosphere. HCFCs do not have any of the organic chemicals chlorine or bromine, but they still do have a possibility of causing ozone depletion. These refrigerant gases are not only considered Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) but many of them also have very high Global Warming Potential ratios which results in their detailed tracking, monitoring, and reporting related to their Global Warming effects. While perfluorocarbons do not contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer, scientists worry that PFCs can contribute to global warming since they have a very high global warming potential (GWP). GWP is a ratio developed to determine which chemical substances and refrigerant gases released into the atmosphere create more warming. The most common greenhouse gas (GHG) talked about the most often is carbon dioxide (CO2) or just carbon for short. CFCs have been used since the early 1930s and were found to deplete ozone in the 1970s. A chemical reaction caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation breaks off the chlorine atom in CFCs. This chlorine atom binds with oxygen already in the atmosphere. The depletion of the ozone is the result of chemical reactions where chlorine and oxygen are split apart. Refrigerant management and knowing, down to the pound level where all refrigerant gases reside, is critical for the safety of the environment and to limit the release of Greenhouse Gases (GHG). The result of refrigerant emissions is either ozone destruction or increased Global Warming, both contributing to climate change. EPA Inspectors, governmental regulators, as well as many state officials are responsible for monitoring commercial AC and HVAC systems. They can do spot checks of the refrigerant service records, purchase orders, transit logs of gas transport for destruction, as well as many other pieces of data related to refrigerant gas management. The refrigerant gas management laws will be revised in 2009. The new regulations have specifications for system owners and service technicians to more accurately track leaks and to ensure recycle, recovered, or virgin refrigerants are documented correctly. Due to the connection between refrigerant gases and their effect on climate change, many legislative bodies including various US states and the EPA have stepped up and increased the detailed refrigerant reporting requirements. The U.S. Clean Air Act (Section 608) has technical specifications and certification requirements for AC or HVAC service technicians. In most cases, technicians must be EPA certified before working on systems containing refrigerant gas. The EPA has detailed regulations on the purchase of refrigerant gas. For the most part, service technicians must be certified to even purchase gas in cylinders as small as 20 pounds. Nobody can buy any amount of refrigerant unless they are certified. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has four certification classes. Type 1 is for small appliances. Type 2 is for high and very high pressure. Type 3 is a low pressure certification. Type 4 is a universal certification. Any technician with a particular certification type can only fix or recover equipment that is specified for the certification type. Becoming effective in 2010, new legislation starting in California will have strict requirements on the monitoring and tracking of refrigerant gases. In some cases, AC/HVAC systems containing 50 pounds of refrigerant will be required to keep service records, history of all gas purchases and sales, and to submit refrigerant usage reports to regulators annually. AC/HVAC systems above 2,000 pounds will be required to have automatic leak detection systems and monitoring. This will result in more specific reporting and system registrations. For service technicians and those who own or operate AC and HVAC systems containing refrigerant gas, it is required by law to monitor, manage, and report refrigerant usage for every system in operation. Environmental regulations are very important.
About the Author
To learn more effective refrigerant management tactics and the tools that support them, you can contact Daniel Stouffer, the Product Manager for Refrigerant Tracker . This web-based software makes it easy to monitor, manage, and report refrigerant gas usage. Stay in compliance with refrigerant management regulations. Visit Verisae's http://www.Refrigerant-Tracker.com
Imagine that the efficient provision of telephone calls in a medium-sized city involves an initial investment?
Imagine that the efficient provision of telephone calls in a medium-sized city involves an
initial investment of $100 million financed by borrowing at 6 percent and variable cost of 5
cents a phone call. The phone company’s annual fixed cost would be $6.0 million (6.00
percent of $100) (30 points)
(a) Use this information about costs to plot marginal cost and average total cost.
(b) Assume that regulators set price at 5 cents, the level of marginal cost. What is the firm’s
profit position if 60 million calls a year are demanded at that price?
(c) Is setting price equal to marginal cost a viable option in this case? Why or why not?
Any help would be greatly appreciated.
Thank You!
(a) The marginal cost is given as 5 cents a phone call. So, it is constant and is plotted as a straight line parallel to the x- axis measuring no of phone calls.
The marginal cost being constant it is also the average variable cost. So,
The average total cost is given by the equation,
atc in $ = (0.05*Q +100 mln.)/ Q = 0.05 +100/Q where Q is number of phone calls in millions.
The graph of this equation is plotted as a continously declining curve from left to right . But it is not a straight line: the average costs falls faster in the begining and at lower rates with increase in output.. Some points on the curve is given as follows:
Q ( million ) Atc ($)
1 100.05
50 2.05
100 1.05
200 0.55
1000 0.15
10000 0.06
20000 0.055
(b). At a price equal to marginal cost of 5 cents, the firm mnakes $3million in revenues against $3million in total variable costs. It makes a loss of in the sense it does not earn enough to pay interest costs or recover depreciation of the plant and equipment and other overheads it had set up to run the business at the fixed investment of $100 million.
(c) setting price equal to marginal cost will not make the operation of the firm vaiable at any level of demand because the average variable cost and marginal cost is constant and hence revenues will always equal just the total variable cost and no part of the fixed cost charges.
Marginal cost principle applies with an upward rising part of a marginal cost curve.
Motorhelmets.com Icon Regulator Vest Motorcycle